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SA Wine Industry Stats

FOR STATISTICS supplied by the South African wine industry body SAWIS, click here. For stats from the OIV representing all of the major wine-producing countries around the globe, see below.

ACCORDING to statistics provided in April 2024 (2023 data) by the International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV) based in Dijon, France, the area under vine throughout the world was estimated at 7.2-million hectares – the third consecutive year of shrinking vineyard plantings globally. Total wine production was estimated at 237-million hectolitres, the lowest since 1961 at 214 mhl – down from 258 mhl in 2022, 260 mhl in 2021 and 263 mhl in 2020, with 250 mhl in 2017 having previously been the lowest of the 21st century.

The OIV’s 2023 data has South Africa ranked seventh among the biggest wine-producing countries on the planet, ahead of Argentina, Germany and Portugal, behind the USA, Chile and Australia. The Top 3 – France, Italy and Spain – account for around 48% of the world’s production, with the Top 10 accounting for over 80% of all wine produced – volumes given in millions of hectolitres (mhl):

1     France – 48 mhl
46 mhl in 2022, 37.6 mhl in 2021, 46.7 in 2020
2     Italy – 38.3 mhl
49.8 mhl in 2022, 50.2 mhl in 2021, 49.1 in 2020
3     Spain – 28.3 mhl
35.8 mhl in 2022, 35.3 mhl in 2021, 40.9 in 2020
4     USA – 24.3 mhl
22.4 mhl in 2022, 24.1 mhl in 2021, 22.8 in 2020
5     Chile – 11 mhl
12.4 mhl in 2022, 13.4 mhl in 2021, 10.3 in 2020
6     Australia – 9.6 mhl
13.1 mhl in 2022, 14.8 mhl in 2021, 10.9 in 2020
7     South Africa – 9.3 mhl
10.3 mhl in 2022, 10.8 mhl in 2021, 10.4 in 2020
8     Argentina – 8.8 mhl
11.5 mhl in 2022, 12.5 mhl in 2021, 10.8 in 2020
9     Germany – 8.6 mhl
8.9 mhl in 2022, 8.4 mhl in 2021, 8.4 in 2020
10   Portugal – 7.5 mhl
6.8 mhl in 2022, 7.4 mhl in 2021, 6.4 in 2020
11   Romania – 4.6 mhl
3.8 mhl in 2022, 4.5 mhl in 2021, 3.8 in 2020
12   Russia – 4.5 mhl
5 mhl in 2022, 4.3 mhl in 2021, 4.4 in 2020
13   New Zealand – 3.6 mhl
3.8 mhl in 2022, 2.7 mhl in 2021, 3.3 in 2020
14   Brazil – 3.6 mhl
3.2 mhl in 2022, 3.6 mhl in 2021, 1.9 in 2020
15   China – 3.2 mhl
4.7 mhl in 2022, 5.9 mhl in 2021, 6.6 in 2020
16   Hungary – 2.4 mhl
2.5 mhl in 2022, 2.6 mhl in 2021, 2.6 in 2020
17   Austria – 2.4 mhl
2.5 mhl in 2022, 2.5 mhl in 2021, 2.4 in 2020
18   Georgia – 1.9 mhl
1.9 mhl in 2022, 1.9 mhl in 2021, 2.1 in 2020
19   Moldova – 1.8 mhl
1.4 mhl in 2022, 1.4 mhl in 2021, 0.9 in 2020
20   Greece – 1.4 mhl
2.1 mhl in 2022, 2.4 mhl in 2021, 2.2 in 2020

The countries with the biggest vineyard plantings are as follows, with the Top 6 representing 56% of the world’s total vineyard surface area:

1    Spain – 945 000 hectares (955 000 ha in 2022, 963 000 ha in 2021, 961 000 in 2020)
2    France – 792 000 hectares (795 000 ha in 2022, 795 000 ha in 2021, 799 000 in 2020)
3    China – 756 000 hectares (758 000 in 2022, 754 000 ha in 2021, 766 000 in 2020)
4    Italy – 720 000 hectares (718 000 ha in 2022, 722 000 ha in 2021, 719 000 in 2020)
5    Türkiye – 410 000 hectares (413 000 ha in 2022, 419 000 ha in 2021, 431 000 in 2020)
6    USA – 392 000 hectares (392 000 ha in 2022, 393 000 ha in 2021, 402 000 in 2020)
7    Argentina – 205 000 hectares (207 000 ha in 2022, 211 000 ha in 2021, 215 000 in 2020)
8    Romania – 187 000 hectares (188 000 ha in 2022, 189 000 ha in 2021, 190 000 in 2020)
9    Portugal – 182 000 hectares (193 000 ha in 2022, 194 000 ha in 2021, 195 000 in 2020)
10  India – 180 000 hectares (175 000 ha in 2022, 167 000 ha in 2021, 161 000 in 2020)
11  Chile – 172 000 hectares (182 000 ha in 2022, 182 000 ha in 2021, 207 000 in 2020)
12  Iran – 165 000 hectares (165 000 ha in 2022, 165 000 ha in 2021, 170 000 in 2020)
13  Australia – 159 000 hectares (159 000 iha in 2022, 159 000 ha in 2021, 159 000 in 2020)
14  South Africa – 122 000 hectares (124 000 ha in 2022, 126 000 in 2021, 128 000 in 2020)
14  Uzbekistan – 122 000 hectares (122 000 ha in 2022, 118 000 ha in 2021, 114 000 in 2020)
16  
Moldova – 117 000 hectares (117 000 ha in 2022, 118 000 ha in 2021, 140 000 in 2020)
17  Russia – 105 000 hectares (101 000 ha in 2022, 99 000 ha in 2021, 97 000 in 2020)
18  Germany – 104 000 hectares (103 000 ha in 2022, 103 000 ha in 2021, 103 000 in 2020)
19  Afghanistan – 104 000 hectares (100 000 ha in 2022, 100 000 ha in 2021, 100 000 in 2020)
20  Greece – 94 000 hectares (93 000 ha in 2022, 96 000 ha in 2021, 112 000 in 2020)

Countries that export the most wine:

1    Italy – 21.4 mhl valued at €7.7 bn
21.6 mhl valued at €7.8 bn in 2022, 22.2 mhl / €7.1 bn in 2021, 20.8 mhl / €6.2 bn in 2020
2    Spain – 20.8 mhl valued at €2.9 bn
21.4 mhl valued at €3.0 bn in 2022, 23.0 mhl / €2.9 bn in 2021, 20.2 mhl / €2.6 bn in 2020
3    France – 12.7 mhl valued at €11.9 bn
13.4 mhl valued at €12.3 bn in 2022, 14.6 mhl / €11.1 bn in 2021, 13.6 mhl / €8.7 bn in 2020
4    Chile – 6.8 mhl valued at €1.4 bn
8.3 mhl valued at €1.8 bn in 2022, 8.7 mhl / €1.7 bn in 2021, 8.5 mhl / €1.6 bn in 2020
5    Australia – 6.2 mhl valued at €1.2 bn
6.4 mhl valued at €1.4 bn in 2022, 6.3 mhl / €1.4 bn in 2021, 7.5 mhl / €1.8 bn in 2020
6    South Africa – 3.5 mhl valued at €0.6 bn
4.4 mhl valued at €0.7 bn in 20224.8 mhl / €0.6 bn in 2021, €3.6 mhl / €0.5 bn in 2020
7    Germany – 3.3 mhl valued at €1 bn
3.5 mhl valued at €1 bn in 2022, 3.7 mhl / €1 bn in 2021, 3.4 mhl / €0.9 bn in 2020
8    Portugal – 3.2 mhl valued at €0.9 bn
3.3 mhl valued at €0.9 bn in 2022, 3.3 mhl / €0.9 bn in 2021, 3.1 mhl /t €0.8 bn in 2020
9    Canada – 2.3 mhl valued at €0.08 bn
2.1 mhl valued at €0.08 bn in 2022
10  USA – 2.1 mhl valued at €1.1 bn
2.8 mhl valued at €1.4 b in 2022, 3.3 mhl / €1.2 bn in 2021, 3.6 mhl / €1.1 bn in 2020
11  Argentina – 2.0 mhl valued at €0.6 bn
2.7 valued at €0.7 bn in 2022, 3.3 mhl / €0.7 bn in 2021, 4.0 mhl / €0.6 bn in 2020
11  New Zealand – 2.0 mhl valued at €1.2 bn
2.7 mhl valued at €1.3 bn in 2022, 2.8 mhl / €1.2 bn in 2021, 2.9 mhl / €1.1 bn in 2020

Countries that import the most wine:

1    Germany – 13.6 mhl valued at €2.6 bn
13.6 mhl valued at €2.8 bn in 2022, 14.8 mhl / €2.8 bn in 2021, 14.1 mhl / €2.6 bn in 2020
2    USA – 12.3 mhl valued at €6.2 bn
14.4 mhl valued at €7 bn in 2022, 13.9 mhl / €5.9 bn in 2021, 12.3 mhl / €5.2 bn in 2020
2    UK – 12.3 mhl valued at €4.7 bn
13.0 mhl valued at €4.8 b in 2022, 13.2 mhl / €3.9 bn in 2021, 14.6 mhl / €3.8 bn in 2020
4    France – 6.0 mhl valued at €0.9 bn
6.2 mhl valued at €1 bn in 2022, 5.9 mhl / €0.8 bn in 2021, 6.3 mhl valued at €0.8 bn in 2020
5    Netherlands – 4.4 mhl valued at €1.5 bn
4.4 mhl valued at €1.5 bn in 2022, 4.9 mhl / €1.4 bn in 2021, 4.7 mhl / €1.3 bn in 2020
6    Russia – 4 mhl
3.9 mhl in 2022, 3.7 mhl / €1.1 bn in 2021, 3.5 mhl / €0.9 bn in 2020
7    Canada – 3.8 mhl valued at €1.8 bn
4.2 mhl valued at €2.2 bn in 2022, 4.2 mhl / €1.9 bn in 2021, 4.5 mhl / €1.7 bn in 2020
8    Belgium – 3.0 mhl value at €1.2 bn
3.4 mhl value at €1.3 bn in 2022, 3.9 mhl / €1.3 bn in 2021, 3.0 mhl / €1.0 bn in 2020
   Portugal – 3.0 mhl value at €0.2 bn
2.9 mhl value at €0.2 bn in 2022, 3.0 mhl / €0.2 bn in 2021
10  China – 2.5 mhl valued at €1.1 bn
3.4 mhl valued at €1.4 bn in 2022, 4.2 mhl / €1.4 bn in 2021, 4.3 mhl / €1.6 bn in 2020
11  Japan – 2.3 mhl value at €1.6 bn
2.7 mhl value at €1.8 bn in 2022, 2.4 mhl / €1.4 bn in 2021
12  Italy – 2.0 mhl valued at €0.5 bn
2.0 mhl valued at €0.5 bn in 2022, 3 mhl / €0.4 bn in 2021, 1.6 mhl / €0.3 bn in 2020
12  Sweden – 2.0 mhl value at €0.8 bn
2.1 mhl value at €0.8 bn in 2022, 2.1 mhl / €0.7 bn in 2021

Countries that consume the most wine:

1     USA – down 3% to 33.3 million hectolitres
2     France – down 2.4% to 24.4 mhl
3     Italy – down 2.5% to 21.8 mhl
4     Germany – down 1.6% to 19.1 mhl
5     United Kingdom – down 2.9% to 12.8 mhl
6     Spain – up 1.7% to 9.83 mhl
7     Russia – up 3% to 8.6 mhl
8     Argentina – down 6.2% to 7.8 mhl
9     China – down 24.7% to 6.8 mhl
10   Portugal – down  9.2% to 5.5 mhl
11   Australia – down 0.1% to 5.4 mhl
12   Canada – down 5.6% to 4.8 mhl
13   South Africa – down 1.8% to 4.5 mhl
14   
Brazil – up 11.6% to 4.0 mhl
15   Netherlands – down 9.2% to 3.3 mhl
16   Japan – up 2.1% to 3.2 mhl
17   Romania – up 20.1% to 3.0 mh
18   Switzerland – down 3% to 2.3 mhl
18   Austria – down 2.1% to 2.3 mhl
20   Czech Republic – down 3.7% to 2.2 mhl

VARIOUS HIGHLIGHTS of statistics published by South Africa’s Wine Industry Information & Systems (SAWIS) in July 2024 (for the year 2023) are given below. For the full report, click here.

SA Wine Production, Sales

Annual grape harvest:  1.1-million tonnes
vs 1.3m in 2022, vs 1.4m in 2021, vs 1.3m in 2020

Annual wine production:  775m litres
vs 865m in 2022, vs 911m in 2021, vs 898m in 2020

Annual sales, domestic:  464-million litres
34% of still wine sales in glass, 8% in plastic, 49% bag-in-box, 6% in tetra pack, 2.7% in cans
vs 456m in 2022, vs 392m in 2021, vs 315m in 2020

Annual sales, export:  306-million litres
38% packaged and 62% sold in bulk
vs 349m in 2022, vs 388m in 2021, vs 317.9m in 2020

SA Wine Industry Structure

Farms:  2350
vs 2487 in 2022, vs 2613 in 2021, vs 2693 in 2020

Wineries:  522 (total)
218 crushing fewer than 100 tonnes of grapes
152 crushing between 100 and 500 tonnes
40 crushing between 500 and 1000 tonnes
65 crushing between 1000 and 5000 tonnes
14 crushing between 5000 and 10 000 tonnes
33 crushing over 10 000 tonnes
vs a total of 524 wineries in 2022, vs 536 in 2021, vs 529 in 2020

Wholesalers / Bulk wine buyers:  114
incl 26 producing wholesalers (with wineries)
vs 116 in 2022, vs 114 in 2021, vs 111 in 2020

Co-operative wineries:  45
vs 43 in 2022, vs 43 in 2021, vs 45 in 2020

Independent wineries:  451
vs 458 in 2022, vs 471 in 2021, vs 457 in 2020

SA Vineyards and Cellars

Total area under vine: 87 848 hectares
vs 89 348ha in 2022, vs 90 512ha in 2021, vs 92 005ha in 2020
Figures not all quite the same as areas to which Wine of Origin certification applies

Breedekloof
Including Breërivier, Goudini, Rawsonville, Slanghoek
12 654 hectares, 184 farms, 17 independent cellars, 10 co-operative cellars

Cape South Coast
Including Cape Agulhas, Elgin, Overberg, Plettenberg Bay, Walker Bay
2646 hectares, 148 farms, 61 independent cellars, 0 co-operative cellars

Cape Town
Including Constantia/Tokai, Durbanville, Hout Bay, Philadelphia
2578 hectares, 63 farms, 24 independent cellars, 0 co-operative cellars

Klein Karoo
Including Calitzdorp, Montagu, Tradouw
1988 hectares, 129 farms, 16 independent cellars, 4 co-operative cellars

Northern Cape
2405 hectares, 259 farms, 9 independent cellars, 2 co-operative cellars

Olifants River
Plus Lutzville
8405 hectares, 287 farms, 11 independent cellars, 3 co-operative cellars

Paarl
Plus Franschhoek, Tulbagh, Wellington
14 211 hectares, 380 farms, 110 independent cellars, 7 co-operative cellars

Robertson
Including Ashton, Bonnievale, McGregor
12 744 hectares, 237 farms, 34 independent cellars, 7 co-operative cellars

Stellenbosch
Including Somerset West, Sir Lowry’s Pass
11 815 hectares, 307 farms, 133 independent cellars, 2 co-operative cellars

Swartland
Plus Darling
11 977 hectares, 172 farms, 27 independent cellars, 2 co-operative cellars

Worcester
Including Hex River Valley, Nuy Valley, Scherpenheuwel, Stettyn
6424 hectares, 184 farms, 9 independent cellars, 8 co-operative cellars

SA Vineyards – White

Percentage of national vineyard: 55%

Chenin Blanc:  18%

Sauvignon Blanc:  11%

Colombar(d):  10%

Chardonnay:  7%

Muscat d’Alexandrie:  1%

Semillon:  1%

Muscat de Frontignan:  1%

Viognier:  1%

SA Vineyards – Red

Percentage of national vineyard: 45%

Cabernet Sauvignon:  10%

Shiraz / Syrah:  10%

Pinotage:  7%

Merlot:  6%

Ruby Cabernet:  2%

Cinsau(l)t:  2%

Pinot Noir:  1%

Cabernet Franc:  1%

SA Vineyards by District

Total area under vine: 87 848ha
Figures below not all quite the same as areas to which Wine of Origin certification applies

 

BREEDE RIVER VALLEY

Total area under vine: 31 822ha

Breedekloof
Including Breërivier, Goudini, Rawsonville, Slanghoek
Total area under vine: 12 654ha

Most-planted white varieties: Chenin Blanc (2736ha), Colombar (1758ha), Sauvignon Blanc (1557ha), Chardonnay (802ha), Muscat d’Alexandrie (546ha), Semillon (343ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Pinotage (9111a), Shiraz (721ha), Cabernet Sauvignon (611ha), Merlot (636ha), Ruby Cabernet (525ha), Cinsaut (516ha)

Robertson
Including Ashton, Bonnievale, McGregor
Total area under vine: 12 744ha

Most-planted white varieties: Colombar (1825ha), Sauvignon Blanc (1690ha), Chardonnay (1674ha), Chenin Blanc (1513ha), Muscat de Frontignan (409ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (1269ha), Shiraz (927ha), Pinotage (779ha), Merlot (574ha), Ruby Cabernet (523ha), Pinot Noir (237ha)

Worcester
Including Hex River Valley, Nuy Valley, Scherpenheuwel, Stettyn
Total area under vine: 6424ha

Most-planted white varieties: Chenin Blanc (1734ha), Colombar  (1049ha), Sauvignon Blanc (749ha), Chardonnay (469ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Pinotage (416ha), Shiraz (404ha), Cabernet Sauvignon (250ha), Merlot (205ha)

 

CAPE SOUTH COAST

Including Cape Agulhas, Elgin, Overberg, Plettenberg Bay, Walker Bay
Total area under vine: 2646ha

Most-planted white varieties: Sauvignon Blanc (757ha), Chardonnay (378ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Pinot Noir (359ha), Shiraz (320ha), Cabernet Sauvignon (158ha), Merlot (142ha)

 

CAPE TOWN

Including Constantia/Tokai, Durbanville, Hout Bay, Philadelphia
Total area under vine: 2578ha

Most-planted white varieties: Sauvignon Blanc (944ha), Chardonnay (168ha), Chenin Blanc (106ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (397ha), Merlot (268ha), Shiraz (261ha), Pinotage (152ha)

 

KLEIN KAROO

Including Calitzdorp, Montagu, Tradouw
Total area under vine: 1988ha

Most-planted white varieties: Colombar (686ha), Chenin Blanc (437ha)
Most-planted red variety: Shiraz (77ha)

 

NORTHERN CAPE

Total area under vine: 2405ha

Most-planted white varieties: Colombar (1033ha), Chenin Blanc (706ha)
Most-planted red variety: Cabernet Sauvignon (94ha)

 

OLIFANTS RIVER

Including Citrusdal, Lutzville, Spruitdrift, Vredendal
Total area under vine: 8405ha

Most-planted white varieties: Chenin Blanc (2496ha), Colombar (2232ha), Sauvignon Blanc (689ha), Muscat d’Alexandrie (270ha), Chardonnay (141ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Pinotage (546ha), Shiraz (462ha), Ruby Cabernet (315ha), Cabernet Sauvignon (300ha), Merlot (196ha)

 

PAARL

Plus Franschhoek, Tulbagh, Wellington
Total area under vine: 14 211ha under vine

Most-planted white varieties: Chenin Blanc (2668ha), Chardonnay (1191ha), Sauvignon Blanc (882ha), Colombar (308ha), Viognier (182ha), Semillon (133ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (2062ha), Shiraz (2115ha), Pinotage (1296ha), Merlot (953ha), Cinsaut (566ha), Cabernet Franc (168ha), Pinot Noir (146ha)

 

STELLENBOSCH

Total area under vine: 11 815ha

Most-planted white varieties: Sauvignon Blanc (1548ha), Chenin Blanc (1270ha), Chardonnay (961ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon (2351ha), Shiraz (1415ha), Merlot (1436ha), Pinotage (1022ha), Cabernet Franc (350ha), Pinot Noir (243ha), Cinsaut (106ha)

 

SWARTLAND

Plus Darling
Total area under vine: 11 977ha under vine

Most-planted white varieties: Chenin Blanc (2439ha), Sauvignon Blanc (1094ha), Chardonnay (666ha), Colombar (197ha), Viognier (122ha), Semillon (116ha)
Most-planted red varieties: Shiraz (1959ha), Cabernet Sauvignon (1573ha), Pinotage (1337ha), Merlot (697ha), Cinsaut (282ha)

SA Wine Export Markets

United Kingdom: 93-million litres
including 64.5m in bulk
vs 96.8m (65.7m in bulk) in 2022, vs 92.5m (59m in bulk) in 2021, vs 82m (52m in bulk) in 2020

Germany: 49.4-million litres
including 42.6m in bulk
vs 59m (incl 49.7m in bulk) in 2022, vs 65.2m (54.7m in bulk) in 2021, vs 65m (incl 54m in bulk) in 2020

Belgium: 18.1-million litres
including 13.8m in bulk
vs 13.7m (incl 9.8m in bulk) in 2022, vs 11.7m (incl 7.2m in bulk) in 2021, vs 10m (incl 7m in bulk) in 2020

France: 16.9-million litres
including 16.5m in bulk
vs 22.5m (incl 21.9m in bulk) in 2022, vs 16.8m (incl 16.4m in bulk) in 2021, vs 13m (incl 12 in bulk) in 2020

Canada: 16.7-million litres
including 11.2m in bulk
vs 26.8m (incl 20.2m in bulk) in 2022, vs 28.3m (incl 21.6m in bulk) in 2021, vs 12m (incl 5m in bulk) in 2020

Denmark: 14.6-million litres
including 13.3m in bulk
vs 15.5m (incl 13.4m im bulk) in 2022, vs 14m (incl 11.1m in bulk) in 2021, vs 16m (incl 13m in bulk) in 2020

Sweden: 12.7-million litres
including 4.8m in bulk
vs 14m (incl 5m in bulk) in 2022, vs 16.8m (incl 6.2m in bulk) in 2021, vs 17m (incl 6m in bulk) in 2020

Netherlands: 12.4-million litres
including 0.7m in bulk
vs 15.7m (incl 0.7m in bulk) in 2022, vs 17.6m (incl 2.7m in bulk) in 2021, vs 20m (incl 3m in bulk) in 2020

USA: 12.1-million litres
including 4.6m in bulk
vs 25.5m (incl 16.8m in bulk) in 2022, vs 42.3m (incl 33.1m in bulk) in 2021, vs 18m (incl 9m in bulk) in 2020

China: 7-million litres
including 2.2m in bulk
vs 8.5m (incl 2.4m in bulk), vs 13.8m (incl 5.9m in bulk) in 2021, vs 5m (incl 0.4m in bulk) in 2020

TOTAL: 305.6-million litres
including 188.6m in bulk
vs 368.6m (incl 227.6m in bulk) in 2022, vs 288m (incl 242.5m in bulk) in 2021, vs 318m (incl 181m in bulk) in 2020

Wine Imports to SA

Natural/Still Wine, Bottled (≤2L): 1.1-million litres
vs 0.9m in 2022, vs 0.8m in 2021, vs 0.6m in 2020

Sparkling Wine, Bottled: 2-million litres
vs 2m in 2022, vs 1.5m in 2021, vs 0.9m in 2020

Fortified Wine, Bottled (≤2L): 7274 litres
vs 17 997 in 2022, vs 17 747 in 2021, vs 35 132 in 2020

Still & Fortified Wine, Bulk: 48 815 litres
vs 73 097 in 2022, vs 1188 in 2021, vs 2.9m in 2020

Drinks Consumption in SA

Beer: 3.5-billion litres
vs 3.2bn in 2022, vs 2.8bn in 2021, vs 2.4bn in 2020

RTDs, Fruit Beverages, Spirit Coolers: 629-million litres
vs 696.7m in 2022, vs 607.9m in 2021, vs 421m in 2020

Wine: 463.7-million litres
(422.3m still, 26.4m fortified, 15m sparkling)
vs 453.4m in 2022, vs 393m in 2021, vs 314m in 2020

Spirits: 143.7-million litres
vs 152.9m in 2022, vs 146.4m in 2021, vs 116m in 2020

Total: 4.7-billion litres
vs 4.5bn in 2022, vs 3.98bn in 2021, vs 3.3bn in 2020